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個人責任と説明責任

うちの裏の空き地でキャッチボールをしていた子の投げたボールが、勢い余ってうちのガラスを割ってしまったことがあります。二人は脱兎のごとく自分の家に逃げ帰ってしまいました。それからしばらくして、キャッチボールをしていた子の両親がやって来て、自分の息子の不始末を詫び、ガラスの代金を弁償したいと言い出しました。その申し出は丁重にお断りし、その代わりに、ガラスを割った子と話がしたいとお願いしました。というのは、ガラスを割った当の本人が自分の不始末を詫びるべきだし、自分の責任を自分で引き受けることの大切さを教えたかったからです。それを聞いた両親は、こちらの要求が意外だったのか、びっくりした表情を浮かべ、何も言わずに帰って行きました。またしばらくして、来客を告げるベルがなったので、ガラスを割った子がやって来たのだと思い玄関ドアを開けてびっくりしました。何と今度はその子の祖父母がやってきたではないですか!両親とまったく同じことを繰り返した祖父母に向かって、その子が自分の不始末を自分でちゃんと詫びることができたら褒めてやりたいのだと説明しました。が、残念ながらこちらの意図は通じなかった様子です。
こんな具合で、ほんの子供のうちから自分の不始末の責任をその子が所属する集団の長(おさ)に肩代わりしてもらっているものだから、この国で個人責任なんてものが育つはずがありません。でも、キャッチボールくらいならまだしも、事が広大な国土を荒廃させた原発事故や、いじめが原因の自殺事件となると、「この国には個人責任がないので仕方がない」ではお話になりません。誰がそうしたのか、誰がそう決めたのかの責任の所在を明らかにしておいて、何かあったらその責任者がどういう経緯(いきさつ)でそうなってしまったのかを詳(つまび)らかにすることで、自分の説明責任を果たさなくてはなりません。そうしないと、何度も同じ失敗を繰り返すことになります。なのに、この国では集団の長が出てきて頭を下げたり、時にはその頭をすげ替えたりするだけで、まわりもそれを見て溜飲を下げてしまい幕が引かれます。幕引きの口上は大体が「2度とこんなことが起こらないように皆でちゃんと見張ってよう!」というもので、責任の所在がハッキリしないままだから、失敗から何も学ぶことができずまた同じことが起こるわけです。
自分の責任を自分で引き受けるなんて簡単なことで、集団の長ではなく当事者である本人が不始末を詫びること、可能な限り事態の収拾に努めること、そして二度と同じ失敗を繰り返さないように事の経緯を包み隠さず語ることです。人間のやっていることですから、失敗はつきものです。だったら、同じ失敗を繰り返さないことが肝要でしょ。そのために、日本人は今こそ個人責任についてよく考えるべきです。
One day a couple of kids playing catch in the vacant lot in back of our house threw a ball that hit the window, breaking the glass. They took off like lightening. A little while later their parents came over to apologize and offered to pay to fix the broken window. I politely refused their offer and asked if, instead, they would send the kids over so that I could talk to them. I just wanted to impress on them the importance of taking responsibility (in this case, apologizing) themselves for what they had done. By their surprised expressions, it was obvious that the parents were not expecting such a request. They went home without saying another word. After a while, the doorbell rang. I went to the door, expecting to see the kids who had broken the window glass. Now it was my turn to be surprised. When I opened the door, who should be standing there but the kids’ grandparents! They repeated the same thing the parents had said. In reply, I explained that all I wanted was a direct apology from the kids and that I was planning to praise them for having the courage to apologize themselves for what they did. Unfortunately, I wasn’t able to get my intentions across.
As the above incident indicates, children learn from an early age that responsibility for their actions will be taken by the head of the group. So naturally, the concept of personal responsibility is not learned. If the trouble caused is something as minor as a broken window, there’s no big problem. But when it’s a nuclear plant accident that devastates a large area of the country or a case of suicide that results from being bullied by classmates, a situation the teachers pretend doesn’t exist—well, that’s a different story. “In Japan we don’t need to be personally responsible,” is not an acceptable response in such cases. Who is responsible for what happened? Who made the decision that led to the trouble? What caused the person responsible to do what he/she did? What actions did the person responsible take that resulted in the trouble? The person responsible must be accountable for making detailed responses to such questions. If not, then whatever trouble was caused will be caused again and again. But in this country, the head (or heads) of the group bow their heads in apology—sometimes they step down from their post—and everyone is relieved and the curtain is brought down. And it’s usually brought down with a statement such as “Let’s all be careful that this doesn’t happen again!” The exact origin of the responsibility has not been clarified, so nothing can be learned from the mistake.
It’s easy to take personal responsibility. It’s about apologizing directly for your mistake and not depending on the group leader to do it for you. Be honest about what you did that caused whatever happened. Then do whatever you can to correct or alleviate the trouble and make every effort so as not to make the same mistake again. Everyone makes mistakes. That’s why it’s important to do whatever we can not to make the same mistake twice. After all that’s happened recently here, maybe it’s time for the Japanese to think about the concept of personal responsibility.

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